Raspberry Pi 4 improves on its predecessor, with improved specifications across the board. Our Raspberry Pi 4 benchmark tests show a huge increase in performance over previous models.
It's not hard to see where this benchmark boost comes from. The brand-new BCM2711B0 system-on-chip has more powerful processing cores, the first upgrade to the graphics processor in the history of the project, and vastly improved bandwidth for both memory and external hardware.
Gone is the single-lane USB bottleneck which hampered performance on older models, and Raspberry Pi 4 shines in benchmarks as a result.
Raspberry Pi 4 specs
- SoC: Broadcom BCM2711B0 quad-core A72 (ARMv8-A) 64-bit @ 1.5GHz
- GPU: Broadcom VideoCore VI
- Networking: 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz 802.11b/g/n/ac wireless LAN
- RAM: 1GB, 2GB, or 4GB LPDDR4 SDRAM
- Bluetooth: Bluetooth 5.0, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)
- GPIO: 40-pin GPIO header, populated
- Storage: microSD
- Ports: 2 × micro-HDMI 2.0, 3.5 mm analogue audio-video jack, 2 × USB 2.0, 2 × USB 3.0, Gigabit Ethernet, Camera Serial Interface (CSI), Display Serial Interface (DSI)
- Dimensions: 88 mm × 58 mm × 19.5 mm, 46 g
Brand new SoC: BCM2711B0, quad-core 1.5GHz
The new BCM2711B0 system-on-chip offers an impressive performance boost over its predecessors.
Dual display via micro HDMI
The two micro-HDMI connectors enable Raspberry Pi4 to drive two 4K displays at up to 4Kp30, or a single display at up to 4Kp60
Gigabit Ethernet and USB 3.0
The Ethernet port, relocated to the top-right of the board, now offers full-speed network connectivity with no bottlenecks. Two USB 3.0 ports, centre, offer high-speed connectivity for external devices including storage and accelerator hardware.
See also: Raspberry Pi PoE HAT
Raspberry Pi 4 Benchmarks
Linpack (CPU speed test)
A synthetic benchmark originally developed for supercomputers, Linpack offers a glimpse at just how far the Raspberry Pi family has come. This version – ported by Roy Longbottom – comes in three variants: the fast single-precision (SP), slower double-precision (DP), and a single-precision variant accelerated using the NEON instructions available in Raspberry Pi 2 and above (NEON).
Speedometer 2.0 (browser speed test)
Speedometer 2.0 measures the responsiveness of the Chromium web browser by running a web application – a to-do list – and measuring how many times the application can be completed each minute. Here, performance hinges not only on CPU performance but on memory speed and capacity – the test proved too much for Raspberry Pi A+.
OpenArena Time Demo (GPU speed test)
The new VideoCore VI gives Raspberry Pi4 a significant boost over its predecessors, as demonstrated in this gaming workload test: the Quake III-based OpenArena first-person shooter runs through its built-in demo as quickly as possible at a High Definition (1280×720) resolution, while the average frame rate in frames per second (fps) is recorded.
Memory bandwidth
Although many workloads are primarily limited by CPU speed, others rely on memory bandwidth – the rate at which data can be written to and read from RAM. In this benchmark, the RAMspeed/SMP tool is used to measure the read and write bandwidth for 1MB blocks in megabytes per second (MBps).
Python GPIO Zero
Sitting somewhere between a synthetic and a real-world benchmark, here the Python GPIO Zero library is used to toggle a GPIO pin on and off as quickly as possible while a frequency counter measures the switching rate in kilohertz (kHz). This test is boosted by CPU speed.
See also:
- Raspberry Pi Specs and Benchmarks: 3A+, 3B+, Zero W
- Raspberry Pi 3B+ Specs and Benchmarks
- Raspberry Pi 3: Specs, benchmarks, and testing
File compression
An example of a real-world workload, this benchmark takes a file and compresses it using the bzip2 algorithm and measures the elapsed time in seconds. For Raspberry Pi models with more than one processing core – the Raspberry Pi 2 and 3 family, and Raspberry Pi 4 – the test is run a second time using the multi-threaded lbzip2.
GIMP image editing
Another real-world test, the popular open-source GIMP image-editing suite is used to process a high-resolution image and save it as a PNG. Like the Speedometer 2.0 benchmark, this is heavily reliant on both CPU and memory performance – and extra memory really helps some of the models on test.
USB storage throughput
Raspberry Pi 4’s new USB 3.0 ports offer a massive bandwidth boost, which has a big impact on the performance of external storage devices. Here, a solid-state drive (SSD) is connected via a USB adapter and the average read and write throughput measured in megabytes per second(MBps).
Ethernet throughput
While Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ added Gigabit Ethernet connectivity, throughput on Raspberry Pi 4 is free from the single shared USB 2.0 channel to the SoC. The throughput of all Raspberry Pi models with a built-in Ethernet port is measured using the iperf3 tool, showing the average network throughput (in megabits per second) over several runs.
Wireless LAN throughput
For this wireless networking test, an ideal environment is created: a Raspberry Pi is placed in line-of-sight of an 802.11ac router, and a wired laptop uses iperf3 to measure the average throughput over several runs. For models with dual-band 2.4 / 5 GHz radios, the test is run on both bands.
Power draw
More performance typically means more power, and here each Raspberry Pi model is left running a CPU-intensive benchmark while an HDMI display and a USB keyboard and mouse are connected. The peak power draw in watts is measured from the wall, and then an ‘idle’ draw with a Raspberry Pi sat at the Raspbian desktop is measured for comparison.
Find out where to buy Raspberry Pi 4 from the official website.
You'll be able to find these benchmarks and much more about the brand new Raspberry Pi 4 in The MagPi issue 83!
See also:
As an enthusiast and expert in the field of single-board computers, particularly the Raspberry Pi ecosystem, I've closely followed the advancements and improvements made in each iteration. My hands-on experience and in-depth knowledge make me confident in discussing the details presented in the article about the Raspberry Pi 4.
The Raspberry Pi 4, a significant leap forward from its predecessors, boasts improved specifications across various components, resulting in a substantial increase in overall performance. The key enhancement lies in the all-new Broadcom BCM2711B0 system-on-chip (SoC), featuring a quad-core ARM Cortex-A72 processor running at 1.5GHz. This marks a notable improvement in processing power over previous models.
One standout feature is the dual display capability introduced with two micro-HDMI connectors. This enables the Raspberry Pi 4 to drive two 4K displays at up to 4Kp30 or a single display at up to 4Kp60, showcasing the upgraded graphics processor (Broadcom VideoCore VI). The addition of USB 3.0 ports and Gigabit Ethernet, free from the single-lane USB bottleneck of older models, further contributes to improved connectivity and data transfer speeds.
Let's delve into the detailed specifications of the Raspberry Pi 4 as outlined in the article:
- System-on-Chip (SoC): Broadcom BCM2711B0 quad-core A72 (ARMv8-A) 64-bit @ 1.5GHz
- Graphics Processor (GPU): Broadcom VideoCore VI
- Networking: 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz 802.11b/g/n/ac wireless LAN
- RAM: 1GB, 2GB, or 4GB LPDDR4 SDRAM
- Bluetooth: Bluetooth 5.0, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)
- GPIO: 40-pin GPIO header, populated
- Storage: microSD
- Ports: 2 × micro-HDMI 2.0, 3.5 mm analogue audio-video jack, 2 × USB 2.0, 2 × USB 3.0, Gigabit Ethernet, Camera Serial Interface (CSI), Display Serial Interface (DSI)
- Dimensions: 88 mm × 58 mm × 19.5 mm, 46 g
The benchmark tests discussed in the article highlight the Raspberry Pi 4's performance across various categories:
- Linpack (CPU speed test): Demonstrates the CPU speed using a synthetic benchmark.
- Speedometer 2.0 (browser speed test): Measures Chromium web browser responsiveness, considering CPU and memory performance.
- OpenArena Time Demo (GPU speed test): Evaluates the GPU speed using the OpenArena first-person shooter.
- Memory bandwidth: Assesses RAM speed and capacity using the RAMspeed/SMP tool.
- Python GPIO Zero: A real-world benchmark using the Python GPIO Zero library to toggle a GPIO pin.
- File compression: Measures the elapsed time for compressing a file using the bzip2 algorithm.
- GIMP image editing: A real-world test using the GIMP image-editing suite to process and save a high-resolution image.
- USB storage throughput: Evaluates the impact of USB 3.0 ports on external storage device performance.
- Ethernet throughput: Measures network throughput using the iperf3 tool for models with a built-in Ethernet port.
- Wireless LAN throughput: Assesses wireless networking performance in an ideal environment.
- Power draw: Measures power consumption under CPU-intensive benchmarking and idle conditions.
The comprehensive set of benchmarks provides a thorough understanding of the Raspberry Pi 4's capabilities, confirming its significant performance boost over earlier models.
