Respiratory viruses are on the rise as the colder months approach, and it's crucial to stay informed about the available vaccines. With COVID-19, influenza, and RSV circulating, let's explore the latest recommendations and why vaccination is key.
Protecting Ourselves and Our Communities
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) predicts a similar peak in hospitalizations from these viruses compared to last season. So, what can we do to stay safe?
Public health experts emphasize the importance of vaccination. Dr. Hansa Bhargava, a pediatrician and adjunct professor, highlights the availability of protective measures, especially for children. She emphasizes the need for herd immunity, where the community as a whole is protected, to reduce the risk of illness spreading.
Let's delve into the specifics of each vaccine and the recommendations for different age groups and populations.
COVID-19 Vaccines: A Personal Choice
The CDC has recently updated its guidance, moving away from universal COVID-19 vaccine recommendations. Instead, they now suggest that Americans make vaccine decisions based on individual circumstances.
This means that after consulting with a healthcare professional, such as a doctor, nurse, or pharmacist, individuals aged 6 months and older can choose to get vaccinated. Most Americans will only need one dose, but certain high-risk groups, including those with weakened immune systems and individuals aged 65 and older, may require additional doses.
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends COVID-19 vaccines for children aged 6 months to 23 months due to their higher risk of severe illness. Additionally, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists advises all pregnant, nursing, or planning-to-become-pregnant women to get vaccinated.
However, the changing recommendations have caused confusion, as noted by pharmacist Neal Smoller. He emphasizes the need for clear guidance to ensure people understand their options.
Dr. William Schaffner, a professor of preventative medicine, urges Americans to consider COVID-19 vaccination, especially during the fall and winter seasons, to reduce the risk of hospitalization.
COVID-19 vaccines are widely available at pharmacies, doctors' offices, and health departments, and most insurance plans cover the cost.
Influenza Vaccines: Annual Protection
The CDC recommends annual flu vaccines for everyone aged 6 months and older. There are various flu vaccine options available this season, tailored to different age groups and medical histories.
Standard-dose inactivated flu vaccines are suitable for individuals as young as 6 months old. For those aged 2 to 49 without certain medical conditions or pregnancy, a nasal spray flu vaccine is an option. Adults aged 18 and older can opt for a recombinant flu vaccine, while Americans aged 65 and older may choose a higher dose due to their increased risk of severe illness.
One dose is recommended for children aged 6 months to 8 years with a history of receiving two doses in past seasons and for everyone aged 9 and older. Two doses are advised for those aged 6 months to 8 years who have never received a flu vaccine or have an unknown vaccine history.
Dr. Schaffner emphasizes the safety and effectiveness of flu vaccines, protecting against severe disease, hospitalization, and death. He notes that the most common side effect is a sore arm, with some experiencing mild fever and discomfort for a short period.
Flu shots are accessible at doctors' offices, pharmacies, and health departments, and most insurance plans cover the cost.
RSV Vaccines: Protecting the Vulnerable
The CDC recommends RSV vaccines for Americans aged 75 and older and those aged 50 to 74 at increased risk of severe RSV. Risk factors include chronic heart or lung disease, a weakened immune system, and living in a nursing home.
Three RSV vaccines are licensed by the FDA for use in adults. Additionally, pregnant women are advised to receive a maternal RSV vaccine during weeks 32 to 36 of pregnancy to protect their babies and pass on antibodies, providing protection for up to six months after birth.
For babies whose mothers did not receive the maternal RSV vaccine, a monoclonal antibody shot is available for infants under 8 months and some children up to 19 months old.
Dr. Bhargava stresses the importance of RSV protection for babies, recommending the vaccine for pregnant women during the specified timeframe.
Unlike annual flu or COVID vaccines, RSV vaccines are recommended for late summer or early fall, and protection lasts more than a year, according to the CDC.
RSV vaccines are accessible at doctors' offices, pharmacies, and health departments, and most insurance plans cover the cost.
Stay informed, consult with healthcare professionals, and consider vaccination to protect yourself and your community during respiratory virus season.
